If those are the goals—why we regulate big tech and why we need to spread power—then what’s wrong? I’d say almost everything, because we haven’t succeeded. Europe focused for five years on regulation: GDPR, the AI Act, the Digital Markets Act, the Digital Services Act—many acts. Proudly so. I worked hard with the Commission, Parliament, member states, and democratic institutions to enforce these. But we’ve learned it’s not enough. Are we enforcing them? Not really. And regulation alone is insufficient.

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