With a minister‑without‑portfolio model, projects often fade when a new minister arrives. For example, Minister Feng Yen in the Ma Ying‑jeou cabinet handed social enterprise to me; I pivoted it to social‑innovation organizations, including co‑ops and advocacy groups, and later web3 initiatives. Minister Jaclyn Tsai ran e‑rulemaking; I added more deliberative elements. That role is personal and stylistic. Infrastructure budgets are different: once parliament approves them, my successor (Minister Huang) is equally committed to carry multi‑year infrastructure to completion. One is like research; the other is development and availability.

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