But no democracy is an island, not even Taiwan. So, the other laureates show across the world in various different configurations, in the front line in the struggle against autocracy that again and again, horizontal peer-to-peer, this horizontal mode of trust can actually get depolarization done, can deliver results. And ...

Well, first of all, I’m really, really honored to be recognized this way. I’m truly humbled by the 203 laureates. And I think we unite in a mission to make sure that the depolarization methods are widely known and shared. I think this is very important because Taiwan researched these ...

And in a citizen assembly, especially using bridging algorithms, this gives virality to the middle ground, to the uncommon ground that is collectively discovered. And so once again, I think this depolarization is really key. After hundreds of such exercises, the people of Taiwan understand that democracy is not just ...

This is the beauty of bridge-making systems. For example, community notes, which was inspired by the Polis algorithm that we tried in Taiwan and still use in Taiwan. It’s not just the left wing in this bubble or the right wing in this bubble, it is calculating the up-wing, the ...

Well, first of all, again, if we take the protocol-based innovation lens, then it is positive-sum, right? If TikTok offers its videos in an open protocol and makes sure that anybody with any better algorithm can rank those videos according to people’s preferences instead of a centralized preference, then yes, ...

Well, first of all, I would say that it is a matter of network flow analysis. This is a matter that independent audits can easily prove. And, so I think in internet governance, what is important is that independent third parties can also monitor and see for themselves whether the ...

And the idea again is that in Taiwan we have for a very long time now since 2019, I believe, that says that anything that is de facto controlled by Beijing should actually not get adopted without question in our public sector. Whether to integrate it more or less, is ...

And, because of that, we share this idea. And during Trump 1.0, the idea gained this branding called a “Clean Network,” I believe. And then this idea got adopted by many democratic partners. Now in Trump 2.0, and I would say also that Biden continued this idea of a trustworthy ...

So, one of the ideas that Taiwan had when we had half a million people on the street and many more online in 2014 is to build this bridging consensus when it comes to whether to allow the Beijing brands like Huawei and ZTE into our then new 4G network. ...

Yes, definitely. So, the tools that I just described, such as Polis, the Google Jigsaw Sensemaker, the Frankly online deliberative polling software, many others. All of them are not just available, but rather free, as in free software, so that you can customize it however you want. And if you’re ...

And so I think the idea here is again to radically trust the people and show the big tech companies that this is the measure that does not sacrifice freedom of expression. But the freedom of speech does not mean that we need to get foreign robots freedom of reach ...

In Taiwan last March, to solve the problem of advertisers pushing deep fake scams. We sent 200,000 text messages to random numbers around Taiwan asking how we should make sure that the information integrity is upheld without harming freedom of expression because after all Taiwan is the most free in ...

Well, first of all, we need to distinguish speech versus reach. Of course, speech needs to be protected. On the other hand, currently in social media, we’re seeing a situation where if I don’t subscribe to someone, but if the algorithm think that this awful speech will cause me to ...

So, to your question, I believe it is very important that Europe also look at social portability like in Utah and also we can figure out a way to do portability across AI services as well. Well, I mean the idea of telecom portability, if you switch from telecom A ...

Here in the U.S., the state of Utah also passed the Digital Choices Act that goes a step further. Starting next July, if you are a Utah citizen, you can move from social media A to social media B, while keeping all your community. The new likes, reactions, replies will ...

I think what Europe has, which is this idea of portability, is very important. As you know, currently with the Digital Markets Act, you can have instant message systems coming from different companies talking to one another, so they must compete on better service instead of on the capture of ...

And what we found out is that the tools such as Polis, broad listening tools, Sensemaker, and so on, can lead to a much more accurate poll, which is not predetermined, but rather a generative poll, where the options are generated by the citizens, or what I call pro-social media. ...

Now, I think the point of horizontal coordination is also very important. When I joined the Cabinet, I said quite publicly that I’m working with the government, not for the government. I’m working with the people, not for the people. And so by working in almost like a Lagrange point ...

Well, it is true that I work night mostly and also day because I’m a very competitive sleeper. I have to sleep eight hours or more a day to be creative. And indeed, I often say that the most creative work occurs during the nighttime, because if we do not ...

And indeed, the Right Livelihood Award goes to this year, people who build such peer-to-peer communication networks to speak from the margins to fight against injustice. And so the idea of a horizontal mode of trust through broad listening, I think is really key. If vertical institutions share their power ...

That’s a great question. Well, as the Tao Te Ching says, to give no trust is to get no trust. If the vertical institutions do not trust the people, especially the vulnerable people who otherwise do not have a voice, then it is very difficult to earn that trust back ...

In Taiwan, we fund more than 150 different vertical model trainings. So, instead of training one single supermodel that sees everything, solves everything in a kind of adequate but not very good way, we focus on those narrower domain-specific models precisely because that gives the users, the people, easier steering, ...

However, I would also say that the training material also matters. If we make sure, for example, with Mistral, that a certain European culture is emphasized as an internal thinking language of the model, then it’s less needed for the post-training cultural tuning to force a model that thinks internally ...

That’s a great question. I think the idea of sovereign AI means AI that’s attentive to the local social-cultural context. And to do so, one needs to engage the model makers that build in this ability to fine-tune and to post-train to align those AI models. There are already makers ...

I would like to remind everyone that we, the people, are the super intelligence we are looking for. So, we should not build this superhuman intelligence that builds another better intelligence that needs less of human intervention and finally takes off and leaves everybody behind a vertical takeoff. I think ...

And so to your question, I think it’s a two-step process. First, the civic activists must demonstrate, not just protest. We must show that it is possible to connect people who are otherwise very polarized on very concrete ideas, very concrete proposals, as Taiwan has shown with Uber, with marriage ...

I think it’s important to remember that we were the resistance. We were the half a million people on the street in 2014. But we did not just protest. We demonstrated that with broad listening, with bridging ideas, instead of engaging through enragement, we can give voice to the uncommon ...

And so when we train AI systems, currently in Oxford, I’m working on what’s called 6-Pack of Care, which uses a different logic. Instead of maximizing any single number, which is the utilitarian logic, we’re making sure that it’s good enough to some communities, making sure that community can steer, ...

Certainly. So, when AI systems are developed today, usually they’re trained to align or to be loyal to some single individual. It could be the leader of that company, it could be a leader of a state, it could be the user, but optimizing for the preference of a single ...

Thank you.

And whenever we hear that a singularity is near, let’s always remember:the plurality is here.

When we see user experience, let’s make it about human experience.

When we see machine learning, let’s make it collaborative learning.

When we see virtual reality, let’s make it a shared reality.

When we see Internet of Things, let’s make it an Internet of Beings.

In 2016, when I stepped into the cabinet as digital minister, in Taiwan, shùwèi means both digital and also plural. So I was also the minister for pluralism. And I wrote a very short poem as my job description, which I will quickly recite for you here. It goes like ...

First of all, 100%.

And so this year, if you scroll in Taiwan, we don’t see those deepfake ads anymore.

So within four months, we passed all the laws because we showed the legislature, even though none of the three parties hold over a 51% majority, they know that this is the people’s will.

And then, again, the pack of ideas that was agreed by more than 85% of people randomly selected to be representative of the Taiwanese population passed just last March to May to July.

And so these ideas are the uncommon ground. That is assembled by a language model. These rooms of 10, they’re machine facilitated, so we can scale this out to like 1,000 or 100,000 of people.

Another says, oh, if a foreign TikTok or other service that did not want to play by the rules and set up a local office, let’s slow down connection to their video, but not censor them. Another very good idea.

Another room says if somebody gets scammed $5 million out of an investment scam, let’s make Facebook liable for the full damage instead of just fining them. Another very good idea.

Basically, people in rooms of 10 start brainstorming. And the most resonating idea, for example, is that all the advertisements should be displayed as probably scam until Jensen Huang or anybody signs off on it. One very good idea.

People gave us their ideas. And then thousands volunteered to participate in online alignment assemblies that we coordinated with CIP, the Collective Intelligence Project, here in the US.

However, we sent 200,000 text messages from the trusted government number 111 asking people just one very simple question:What should we do about information integrity online?

But also, if you poll people individually, they say, oh, we don’t want government overreach. We want freedom of expression. We’re the most free in Asia in terms of internet freedom. So it looked like a stalemate.

And if you click it, Jensen actually talks to you, of course, as a deepfake running on NVIDIA GPU. And people did lose millions of dollars to these scams.

One very concrete quick example. Last year, around March, Taiwan was hit by the wave of deepfake scams. Anywhere on Facebook or YouTube, if you scroll, you see Jensen Huang, our Taiwanese NVIDIA CEO, his likeness, saying that he wants to give back to the Taiwanese by giving you free ...