Yeah, maybe we can call it an existential opportunity, not just existential risk.

I think this is the position that we take.

And so, I think this will be a worthwhile investment. And the PEPs that we invest in, again, we will publish the guidelines and so on to the world, so that people can also think of this delineation in a way that retains the utilization of the aggregate data, especially ...

So, think of like a chat bot. You send the model an encrypted version of the question you’re going to ask it. The model operator knows nothing about your question. But through homomorphic encryption, the model can send back its response to you anyway. And then, only you can decrypt ...

So, which is why we consider privacy enhancing technologies a public infrastructure. Only by investing in the latest of encryption technologies, including homomorphic encryption and so on, can we ensure that the data storage is decoupled from computation. That is to say, computation, when we work with cloud provider, we ...

I think the idea of data embassy was pioneered by Estonia. They started with an embassy in Luxembourg, if I remember correctly, which keeps the data backed up, even if something happens to Estonia. So similarly, we’re doing the same for the core data in public clouds. But that creates ...

In Taiwan, we believe in, as I mentioned, local resilience, which is quite different from data localization. Data localization is when the data that’s collected only stays here. Local resilience means that at least a copy is here, so that when the subsea cables are cut, the compute and the ...

This is a great question.

Before end of next year, we’re going to have 700 of those points around Taiwan, and many of them will be portable.

And again, this provides full flexibility. And by not putting all the eggs into one basket, we ensure that there is some bandwidth left for international respondents to communicate to the world, whatever happens. And also, because we are very strong in domestic 5G and O-RAN development and deployment, we’re ...

Well, everybody thinks of Ukraine when people think of low-earth orbit satellites as an alternative infrastructure. But Ukraine also showed that placing too much reliance on a single provider has its repercussions. And so, in Taiwan, we believe in a plurality of providers. For public cloud, we already work with ...

Yeah, a great question.

And so, by saying that we offer this kind of digital residency or as in other countries, e-residency and things like that, it doesn’t automatically guarantee the voting rights or citizenship rights guaranteed. Also, Taiwanese passport goes very far. But otherwise, I think the other e-residency programs can coexist by ...

And finally, we were able to get the political buy-in for the gold card. I think because if people are going to cause trouble on the cyber domain, they’re going to cause it anyway, whether they have a residency visa or not. So, having them physically be in Taiwan actually ...

So, this kind of nuanced conversation became really possible now, with assistive intelligence and language models because the human brain simply cannot hold 1000 different positions, which is why I think the idea of plurality, which is increasing collaboration while maintaining diversity, or increasing diversity while maintaining the degree of ...

Now, the size of around 600 is at the kind of very edge of what this kind of fitting everybody’s positions in the single room, in a single facilitator’s head. Any more amounts than that, then we’re left with just structured representation of these, which is why I think technologies ...

And the second question about scale. So, our ministry proper is around 600 people. And indeed, I run the ministry in a thoroughly co-creative way. We not just use collaborative documents, but actually anyone can sign a petition pseudonymously in our ministry. As long as they get 100 votes out ...

So, I would say that although that Taiwan is particularly in a place where research of this plurality or collaborative diversity happens, the application of this research makes total sense when we have common threats, societal scale threats across the globe. And at this time, it is, of course, AI ...

So, and I see on the Q&A, somebody asked, why did we not put climate crisis at an extinction risk? It’s because it’s firmly on the top of the ladder. We’re just comparing the second tier in that statement, at least to me. And so, climate definitely is another one.

And we see similar dynamics playing out, well, in the place pioneering public code, Estonia. When I visited Lithuania… I’m a Lithuanian e-resident, by the way, and Lithuania has a very similar motivation to do so. I’m also a digital resident of Palau, among other things. And so, there are ...

Thank you, very, very good questions. Indeed, turning conflicts into co-creation makes a lot of sense in Taiwan because we’re literally in the place where the Eurasian plate on one side and the Philippine Sea plate on the other, bumps into each other all the time. There’s on average three ...

So, in closing, I would like to share a quote from the Declaration for the Future of the Internet that holds a special place in my heart. And I quote, we believe we should meet these challenges by working towards a shared vision for the future of the Internet that ...

Yes. So, here we see actually the eight years of professional experience, including open-source contributions, is one of the eligibilities. But there’s also, of course, eligibilities for academic, for salary, and other relative expertise.

And anyone who contributed to Wikipedia, to GitHub, to any of those Web3 publicly available ledger and so on are automatically then eligible for this all-in-one visa, which is not just resident visa that covers healthcare, but also covers for the spouse and children and so on. And it’s good ...

So, I think through this effort, we run into a lot of the teams that starts from a foreign country, but gets involved in the policy-making and democratic innovation in Taiwan. And so, Taiwan has always been an important base for the digital world. And in order to invite more ...

So, upon participation, I think the data on the deliberation serves two purposes. First, it helps the local communities to tune, fine-tune, or distill their own models that is open-source AI, or decentralization. And also on the national level, it helps the deliberation to inform our policies on, for example, ...

And so, because of our investment on politics and talk to the city, as I mentioned, public code and open source, you’re welcome to just work these on GitHub and also start your own collective intelligence project that can incrementally tune in AI.

So, it’s like an executive summary that talks with you. And so, you can present new situations, new scenarios and so on, and have a brainstorming session long after the workshop is over, and also enables automatic discovery of bridging narratives that connects the democratic participation, safety and progress arguments, ...

So, this is how it works in action. You can see the people’s ideas, just like constellations in the sky where people just speak in a deliberative workshop. And the system called Talk to the City can infuse all the transcripts, all the videos and so on, and automatically portray ...

And so, actually, we launched with the collective intelligence project, the Alignment Assemblies. And the reports from open AI with Alignment Assemblies and Anthropic has all been published, so I encourage you to take a look. Essentially, it’s very encouraging. Anthropic showed that the people’s constitution of AI resulted in ...

So, in Taiwan, we’re no strangers to thinking outside the box when it comes to building rough consensus and running code. And so, the public can now, in Taiwan, participate in policy making. Also, around our own AI models, our science ministry is training the TAIDE, the trustworthy AI dialogue ...

And so, instead of just a few board members of frontier AI labs governing this technology, we think that AI should be designed in such a way that it can take real-time feedback from all people and use that feedback to self-tune, to adjust and learn. So, we must establish ...

And so, it’s essential to consider, of course, the potential short-term harms, like interactive deepfakes, which has the potential to unravel the trust that binds us together. But then, it’s equally important to apply AI so that we can coordinate with our cross-border partners to enhance information integrity, to build ...

Now that I mentioned AI, I think the world is currently having a very vigorous discussion on how we can prevent falling into an abyss of abuse, exploitation, manipulation by bad actors, working for those who seek to extinguish freedoms, but still harness the power of AI for democracy, with ...

Now, we’re also working with our own ICT industry players, the system integrators, so that the public can directly provide modification suggestions to the relevant agencies, so that imperfect parts do not need to wait for the next procurement cycle, but we can jointly create inclusive services for all communities. ...

Now, based on our recent achievements in adopting the CC0 or public domain for our own websites, for our own initiatives and working with municipalities, I sincerely believe that next year we will see a lot more digital public goods and infrastructure coming out of Taiwan, deploying a, as I ...

We hope that the systems and websites developed this way will be regarded as public goods and indeed public infrastructures that is open to all democratic partners to further ignite innovation. And so, technologists and activists, instead of just forking the government — taking the government code and running a ...

As of this year, we successfully argued to the cabinet that the code, including the standards and data infrastructure and so on, are just like the bridges and highways. They are public constructions eligible for public infrastructure budget and we now plan the institution of public code, soon to be ...

Now, the “Public Money? Public Code!” initiative, which was started, I believe, by the Free Software Foundation Europe since 2017, advocates that system progress established by the government paid by tax-payer money should be fully displayed with clear guidelines and specifications. So, the ‘Code’ here refers to not just the ...

And so, the idea, very simply put, is that any and all internet-related governance issues in Taiwan, including the DNS rules, the DNS RPZ rules, when it comes to managing the emerging threats on the internet, all of this are done with public consultation, and as I mentioned, democratic, participation ...

Now, the multi-stakeholder governance model is really quite crucial to the Taiwan model of governance. Specifically, we sincerely believe that it is the public sector’s job to amplify the norms that is set by the civil society, not through any top-down means to impose the norms on civil society. And ...

Now, with the growing importance of the internet, ICANN was established in 1998 as a global community to adopt that multi-stakeholder model for internet governance. And so, TWNIC became a legal entity around the turn of this century, and we have been governing internet-related things even before the founding of ...

Right. So, here, what we have is a very quick timeline about our engagement to the .tw and .org, .net, .com, and some communities. In the early days of the internet, pioneers like John Postel and Vint Cerf were strong advocates for open-source software, or public code nowadays we call ...

Indeed, if you go to our website, moda.gov.tw, on either ipns:// or https://, you will see something that looks very much like gov.uk. And this is because we embrace public code, and we share the digital public infrastructures that is not just a design system, but also the cybersecurity audited ...

And we’ve been actively engaging in various international events with democratic partners from 27 countries, participating in over 87 physical and virtual events. And so, the idea is to establish this value-based, long-term and close collaborative relationships based on the idea of public code.

I was just attending a month ago the UN IGF in Kyoto, where we shared with the Declaration for the Future of the Internet Partners our ways to increase not just communication, but societal resilience, and also how to govern AI together using what we call alignment assemblies, which I ...

So, as you can see, what we have done to link Taiwan to the world in the digital field is to take the kind of emergency response, societal resilience, and also the security contributions, and then foster cross-border collaboration. It includes participating in international interactions regarding digital development policy.

And in light of the subsea cable’s fragility, two of them were cut earlier this year, connecting Matsu islands and Taiwan proper were also emerging satellite operators in our diverse network backup communications to ensure seamless operation of critical infrastructure. And we also engage the decentralized civic infrastructure community (web3), ...

Now, the idea of international digital democracy dialogue is based on the three different resilience. We have the emergency resilience, which is about responding effectively to various crises, such as cyber-attacks and natural disasters. So, to counter emerging threats, including the interactive deepfakes interfering with democratic processes now, we’re consolidating ...

Now, as I mentioned, we’re rather like a startup. We continuously adjust ourselves and serve as a sandbox, really, within the government. Any of the latest technologies, I mentioned zero-knowledge, zero-trust, FidO, and so on; we try it ourselves within our ministries and the two departments. And because we have ...